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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a phytosanitary composition with a bactericidal effect comprising eucalyptus oil, at least one diluent, at least one surfactant and at least one antioxidant, and the use of said composition as a bactericide in the protection of plants. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2793073A1
    申请号:ES201930950
    申请日:2019-10-29
    公开日:2020-11-12
    发明作者:Perez Jordi Ballesta；Llamas Antonio Miguel Lavado；Aragunde Hugo Cores
    申请人:Lainco S A；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Phytosanitary composition for use as a bactericide
    [0004] Background
    [0006] Numerous scientific studies around the world have addressed the problem of agriculture in the 21st century as especially sensitive to climate change, which has caused the spread of phytopathogenic bacteria. Therefore, there is a clear and urgent need to contain this type of risk in agricultural production.
    [0008] Eucalyptus oil has been described as useful as a repellent for insects and various animals (US20110171278A1).
    [0010] ER Hendry et al. describe the synergistic antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine digluconate and eucalyptus oil ( Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2009) 64, 1219-1225 and Int J Mol Sci. 2012; 13 (11): 14016-14025).
    [0012] To date, although the antimicrobial activity of eucalyptus oil has been described in a general way or in combination with other active principles, a stable composition, friendly to the environment and easy to use in the protection of plants based on the oil has not been described. of eucalyptus that is effective against numerous bacterial infections.
    [0014] Therefore, there is a need for new, more environmentally friendly compositions that are at the same time highly effective in preventing bacterial infections in plant crops. Likewise, it is necessary for said compositions to be stable at high concentrations and at room temperature, and that once diluted for use in plants, they prevent bacterial growth without being toxic to the treated plants.
    [0016] Description of the invention
    [0018] The present invention represents a solution to the problem described above, since it describes highly effective bactericidal phytosanitary compositions that are friendly to the environment. The inventors have found that the use of eucalyptus oil derived from Eucalyptus globulus in certain concentrations is highly effective against numerous bacterial infections that significantly affect fruit trees and some horticultural crops.
    [0020] The present invention refers to a liquid composition comprising eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient so that the composition comprises between 5 and 80% w / v of 1.8 cineol for use as a bactericide in plant protection, where said composition is applied to plants after being diluted in water to between 0.01 and 12% by weight.
    [0022] The compositions of the present invention can be prepared more or less concentrated to be further diluted for use, preferably by application on plants by spraying. This dilution is done in water and is usually done in the field. Therefore, for ease of handling, it is advantageous to have concentrated compositions that are diluted in situ prior to application. The compositions of the present invention have preferably been tested at concentrations of eucalyptus oil to provide 20% w / v of 1,8-cineole, which have been subsequently diluted prior to use in different proportions, as described in the examples.
    [0024] In a preferred embodiment, said composition is applied to the plants after being diluted in water to between 0.1 and 5% by weight. In a more preferred embodiment, said composition is applied to the plants after being diluted in water to between 0.2 and 1.0% by weight.
    [0026] In a preferred embodiment, the composition does not comprise chlorhexidine. Preferably, it does not comprise chlorhexidine digluconate. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition does not comprise neem or neem tree oil. In a preferred embodiment, the composition does not comprise thyme oil.
    [0028] As used herein, the term "1,8-cineole" refers to eucalyptol or 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, which is the main compound in eucalyptus oil. . As used herein, the term "eucalyptus oil" refers to the oil obtained by distilling the twigs and leaves of Eucalyptus globulus.
    [0030] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection is used against infections of Xylella fastidiosa, Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas fragariae, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas arborícola, Erwinia amylovora or any combination thereof. Preferably, it is used against Xylella fastidiosa or Pseudomonas syringae infections.
    [0032] The compositions of the present invention have proven to be highly effective against infections caused by the bacteria mentioned above, especially highlighting the magnificent results obtained against Xylella fastidiosa infections .
    [0034] In another preferred embodiment, the composition of the first aspect is applied to fruit and horticultural trees, preferably to vine, olive, almond, hazelnut, walnut, kiwi, tomato, strawberry, potato, peach, apricot, plum, orange, lemon, mandarin, apple, pear, quince, coffee. Preferably, the protection is applied to the pear, almond or olive tree.
    [0035] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise between 15 and 25% w / v 1,8-cineole.
    [0037] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise 20% w / v 1,8-cineole.
    [0039] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of diluent or diluents. The diluents can be selected from among water, a vegetable or animal oil or mixtures of fatty acids and their esters, at least one paraffinic mineral oil, at least one C16-C18 methyl ester, at least one C1-C5 alcohol, cyclohexanone , acetophenone, xylene, aromatic naphtha, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, at least one diluent is water. In a preferred embodiment, said composition comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of water.
    [0041] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection comprises between 1.00 and 8.00% w / v of surfactant or surfactants.
    [0042] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection comprises 0.10 and 1.00% w / v of antioxidant or antioxidants.
    [0044] When the main diluent is water, the composition can comprise up to 15% w / v of a codiluent selected from a vegetable or animal oil or mixtures of fatty acids and their esters, at least one paraffinic mineral oil, at least one C 16 -C 18 methyl ester, at least one C 1 -C 5 alcohol, cyclohexanone, acetophenone or mixtures thereof, although preferably the codiluent is a vegetable oil.
    [0046] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection further comprises at least one diluent, at least one surfactant, at least one antioxidant, and at least one viscosifier in an amount sufficient so that the viscosity of the composition is between 500 and 5000 cP, calculated according to the CIPAC MT 192 method with a rotational viscometer with a 2 needle, 20 rpm and at 25 ° C.
    [0048] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection comprises between 0.10 and 5.00% w / v of the viscosizer or viscosifiers.
    [0049] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the composition for use as a bactericide in plant protection has a volumetric particle size distribution with d10 between 0.1 and 5 microns and d90 between 0.8 and 50 microns, measured by laser diffraction. according to the CIPAC MT 187 method.
    [0050] A second aspect of the present invention refers to a liquid composition comprising eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient so that the composition comprises between 10 and 30% w / v of 1,8-cineole, at least one diluent, at least one surfactant and at least one antioxidant.
    [0052] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, eucalyptus oil is the only ingredient with a bactericidal effect in the composition.
    [0054] The composition of the present invention is stable at room temperature for at least 24 months. This means that it maintains its characteristics of viscosity, particle size, pH, etc. and, in addition and, above all, it maintains its effectiveness when it is kept at room temperature for at least 24 months.
    [0056] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition does not comprise neem or neem tree oil. In a preferred embodiment, the composition does not comprise thyme oil.
    [0058] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise between 16 and 25% w / v 1,8-cineole. Preferably, the composition comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise between 18.00 and 22.00% w / v 1,8-cineole. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient that the composition comprises 20% w / v 1,8-cineole.
    [0060] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of diluent or diluents. Preferably, at least one diluent is water.
    [0062] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of water. Preferably, the water is osmotic water.
    [0064] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises between 1.00 and 8.00% w / v of surfactant or surfactants. In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises between 0.10 and 1.00% w / v of antioxidant or antioxidants.
    [0066] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition further comprises at least one viscosifier in an amount sufficient so that the viscosity of the composition is between 500 and 5000 cP, calculated according to the CIPAC method MT 192 with a rotational viscometer with needle 2 , 20 rpm and at 25 ° C. In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises between 0.10 and 5.00% w / v of the viscosizer or viscosifiers. In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises a sufficient amount of viscosifier (s) so that the viscosity of the composition is between 500 and 1500 cP, calculated according to the CIPAC MT 192 method with a rotational viscometer with a 2 needle, 20 rpm and at 25 ° C.
    [0068] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition has a volumetric particle size distribution with d10 between 0.1 and 5 microns and a d90 between 0.5 and 50 microns, preferably a d10 between 0.1 and 2 microns and a d90 between 0.5 and 8 microns, measured by laser diffraction according to the CIPAC MT 187 method.
    [0070] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises, in addition to water, another codiluent selected from at least one vegetable or animal oil or mixtures of fatty acids and their esters, at least one paraffinic mineral oil, at least one C16 methyl ester -C18., At least one C1-C5 alcohol, cyclohexanone, acetophenone, xylene, aromatic naphtha or mixtures thereof.
    [0072] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises as diluents water and at least one vegetable oil. Preferably, the composition comprises as diluents water and sesame oil.
    [0074] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises as a surfactant at least one selected from among ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated sorbitan esters (polysorbates), derivatives of polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, a high molecular weight polymeric surfactant and low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and a high-HLB polymeric surfactant formed by ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers.
    [0076] In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the composition comprises as a surfactant at least one selected from polyethoxylated fatty alcohol derivatives, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, a low HLB high molecular weight polymeric surfactant and a high HLB polymeric surfactant formed by copolymers of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block.
    [0078] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the composition of the second aspect for use as a phytosanitary. Preferably, for use as a bactericide in the protection of plants, preferably for the protection of fruit and horticultural trees, more preferably for the protection of vine, olive, almond, hazelnut, walnut, kiwi, tomato, strawberry, potato, peach, apricot , plum, orange, lemon, mandarin, apple, pear, quince, coffee or any combination thereof.
    [0080] In a preferred embodiment of the third aspect, the composition of the second aspect is used as a bactericide in the protection of plants, preferably for the protection of trees fruit and horticultural trees, more preferably for the protection of vine, olive, almond, hazelnut, walnut, kiwi, tomato, strawberry, potato, peach, apricot, plum, orange, lemon, mandarin, apple, pear, quince, coffee or any combination thereof, against infections of Xylella fastidiosa, Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas fragariae, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas arborícola, Erwinia amylovora or any combination thereof, preferably against infection of Xylella fastidiosa or Pseudomonas syringae.
    [0082] Description of the figures
    [0084] Figure 1. Survival of E. amylovora as a function of the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows the survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, streptomycin (100 mg / L) and the control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time. The error bars show the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation. (---), detection limit of the technique.
    [0086] Figure 2. Survival of X. arboricola pv. pruni depending on the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows the survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, streptomycin (100 mg / L) and the control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time. The error bars show the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation. (---), detection limit of the technique.
    [0088] Figure 3. Survival of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatory depending on the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows the survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, streptomycin (100 mg / L) and the control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time. The error bars show the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation. (---), detection limit of the technique.
    [0089] Figure 4. Survival of P. syringae pv. actinidiae depending on the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows the survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, streptomycin (100 mg / L) and the control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time. The error bars show the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation. (---), detection limit of the technique.
    [0090] Figure 5. Survival of P. syríngae pv. tomato depending on the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows the survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, streptomycin (100 mg / L) and the control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time. The error bars show the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation. (---), detection limit of the technique.
    [0091] Figure 6. Survival of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca depending on the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows the survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, streptomycin (100 mg / L) and the control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time.
    [0093] Figure 7. Survival of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex according to the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, ampicillin (100 mg / L) and control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time. The error bars show the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation.
    [0095] Figure 8. Survival of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. annoying depending on the treatment applied after 30 min (bar on the left) and 2 h (bar on the right) of contact with the product. The ordinate axis shows the survival in Log CFU / ml and the abscissa axis shows the concentration of the product in pl / ml, streptomycin (100 mg / L) and the control (CNT). The bars represent the average of the values observed in the three repetitions performed for each treatment and time. The error bars show the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation.
    [0097] Figure 9. Effect of treatment with the product on the severity of infections caused by E. amylovora in pear plants of the Conference variety, inoculated with a suspension of 5x107 cfu / ml of E. amylovora. The bars correspond to the mean of the three repetitions for each treatment. The error bars represent the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation. Different letters indicate the existence of significant differences with respect to the control according to the Waller-Duncan test. These results correspond to the first trial (A) and the second trial (B). EGL2 EC is a product of the invention and comprises an amount of eucalyptus oil necessary for the product to have 20% w / v of 1,8-cineole, at least one diluent, at least one surfactant, at least one antioxidant and at least one minus a viscosifier.
    [0099] Figure 10. Effect of treatment with the product on the severity of infections caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in almond plants. The bars correspond to the mean of the three repetitions for each treatment. The error bars represent the confidence interval taking into account the standard deviation. Different letters indicate the existence of significant differences with respect to the control according to the Waller-Duncan test. EGL2 EC is a product of the invention and comprises an amount of eucalyptus oil necessary for the product to have 20% w / v of 1,8-cineole, at least one diluent, at least one surfactant, at least one antioxidant and at least one minus a viscosifier.
    [0101] Examples
    [0103] This invention will be better understood by reference to the examples below, but those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed specific examples are only illustrative of the invention.
    [0105] Example 1: compositions
    [0107] Next, some compositions of the invention are indicated where the amounts of each component are in% w / v.
    [0109]
    [0110]
    [0111]
    [0112]
    [0114] *% w / v refers to the amount in% w / v of 1,8-cineole, so the composition comprises the amount of eucalyptus oil derived from Eucalyptus globulus necessary to comprise the desired percentage w / v of 1 , 8-cineole, which is quantified by HPLC.
    [0115] The compositions must be diluted prior to use in plant protection. These compositions, once diluted in water at 1% (p / v), presented a pH of between 4.00 and 6.50 at room temperature (25 ° C).
    [0117] In compositions 9 to 15, the main diluent was osmotized water. In addition, as codiluent, vegetable and / or animal oils or mixtures of fatty acids and their esters, mineral oils of the paraffinic type, methyl esters of between 16 and 18 carbons, alcohols of between one and five carbons, or others such as cyclohexanone or acetophenone. The surfactants used were at least one selected from among ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated sorbitan esters (polysorbates), derivatives of polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, such as ethoxylated tristyrylphenols, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate (amine salt), high molecular weight polymaric surfactant and low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), and high HLB polymaric surfactant formed by ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers.
    [0119] The particle size of the compositions was analyzed according to the CIPAC MT 187 method with a Mastersizer 3000E equipment (optical unit) and a Hydro SM dispersion unit. All the compositions had a dv10 between 0.1 and 5 microns and a dv90 between 0.5 and 50 microns.
    [0120] The viscosity of the compositions was analyzed according to the CIPAC MT 192 method with a rotational viscometer with a 2 needle, 20 rpm and at 25 ° C (Brookfield equipment model DV1MLVTJ0). All the compositions had a viscosity between 500 and 5000 cP, or between 500 and 1500 cP.
    [0122] Example 2: evaluation of antimicrobial activity by means of agar incorporation test
    [0124] The product of the present invention was tested against quarantine phytopathogenic bacteria. The evaluated product comprised eucalyptus oil in an amount so that the final composition had 20% w / v 1,8-cineole, measured by HPLC, and was stored at room temperature.
    [0125] The efficacy of the product was evaluated against 11 phytopathogenic strains from the collection of quarantine pathogens of the Center for Innovation and Development in Plant Health (CIDSAV), from European sources of infection or from Spanish type collections (Table 1).
    [0126] Table 1. Description of the phytopathogenic strains used in the antimicrobial activity tests.
    [0128] Phytopathogenic bacteria Strain used Origin Erwinia amylovora EPS 101 Girona Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni CFBP 5563 France
    [0129] Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae IVIA 3700.1.1 Portugal Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC 3000 Malaga Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae EPS 94 Girona Xanthomonas fragariae 349-9A Spain Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria IVIA 2133.2 Spain Ralstonia solanacearum CECT 125 CECT
    [0130] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa IVIA 5387.2 Baleares Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex IVIA 5901.2 Valencia Xylella fastidiosa subsp. Pauca DD1 CODiRo Italy
    [0132] Inocula were obtained from the pure culture of the actively growing strains after sowing in BCYE agar medium in the case of the three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa, in B agar medium for Xanthomonas fragariae and in LB agar medium for the rest of bacteria. quarantine pathogens. They were then incubated at 28 ° C for 48 hours. In the case of X. fastidiosa, the incubation time increased between 7-10 days. Each bacterial suspension was prepared at a final concentration of 1x108 CFU / ml.
    [0134] The antimicrobial activity of 5 doses of the product was evaluated against 11 strains of bacterial pathogens. Specifically, the following concentrations were used: 120, 60, 30, 10 and 5 µl / ml of the product. Furthermore, the effect was compared with that of the antibiotic streptomycin at a concentration of 100 mg / L. An untreated control was also added, where the product was replaced by sterile distilled water.
    [0136] To carry out the tests, solid culture plates were prepared where the product was incorporated at the corresponding dose. The appropriate culture medium was used for each strain. Subsequently, a 10 µl drop of the corresponding bacterial suspension at 108 CFU / ml was deposited on each plate. The plates were subsequently allowed to dry and incubated at 28 ° C for 48 hours. In the case of X. fastidiosa, the incubation time increased between 7 10 days. After this time, bacterial growth was observed in each of the tested doses, and it was compared with the untreated control, which corresponded to the bacterial suspension of the pathogen incubated in medium without product. For each of the treatments, 2 repetitions were carried out.
    [0138] The in vitro inhibitory activity of the product was determined by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Furthermore, the effect of the product was compared with that of the reference bactericide streptomycin. Previously, the absence of contaminating microorganisms in the product, which could interfere with the test, was confirmed.
    [0139] Table 2 shows a summary of the inhibitory activity of the product against the 11 strains of phytopathogenic bacteria tested.
    [0141] In general terms, the observed antimicrobial activity depended on the concentration of the product and the pathogen used. The three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa were the strains most sensitive to treatment with the product, since at the lowest dose tested (5 µl / ml) it inhibited the growth of bacteria.
    [0143] On the contrary, E. amylovora was the most resistant pathogen, with growth observed at a concentration of 60 µl / ml of the product (MIC 60-120 µl / l).
    [0145] The antibiotic streptomycin (100 mg / L) inhibited the growth of all the pathogens tested.
    [0147] Growth of all strains could be observed on control plates without product, 48 h after incubation.
    [0149] Table 2. In vitro antibacterial activity of the 5 doses tested of the product against 11 quarantine phytopathogenic bacteria. The results obtained for the two repetitions are shown.
    [0151] Strep: streptomycin (100 mg / L) used as an antibacterial control;
    [0152] +: bacterial growth equal to that observed in the untreated control
    [0153] +/-: bacterial growth lower than that observed in the untreated control (CNT)
    [0154] -: no bacterial growth is observed.
    [0155]
    [0158] The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest product concentration at which bacterial growth did not occur at the end of the experiment. The value (range) of the MICs against the different strains are shown in Table 3.
    [0160] Table 3. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained for the 11 quarantine phytopathogenic bacteria.
    [0162] Pathogen MIC (pl / ml)
    [0163] E. amylovora 60-120
    [0164] X. arboricola pv. pruni 10-30
    [0165] P. syringae pv. Actinidiae 10-30
    [0166] P. syringae pv. syringae 30-60
    [0167] P. syringae pv. tomato 30-60
    [0168] X. fragariae <5
    [0169] X. axonopodis pv. vesicatory 10-30
    [0170] Ralstonia solanacearum 30-60
    [0171] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. annoying <5
    [0172] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex <5
    [0173] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca <5
    [0174] It is observed that the MIC of E. amylovora would be between the doses 120 and 60 ql / ml. P. syringae pv. syringae, P. syringae pv. tomato and R. solanacearum, would present MIC values between 30 and 60 ql / ml. For X. arboricola pv. pruni, P. syringae pv. actinidiae and X. axonopodris pv. vesicatoria, the MIC would be between 10 and 30 ql / ml. X. fragariae (in one of the replicas) and the three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa presented a MIC of less than 5 ql / ml.
    [0176] In summary, the product presents a MIC in the range of 5-60 ql / ml (5-60 ppm) compared to the 11 phytopathogenic strains studied. If we extrapolate the MIC obtained in vitro for use in the field (approximately 10 x MIC), the required dose would be within the usual range of application of phytosanitary products (50-100 ppm).
    [0178] In conclusion, the product has antimicrobial activity against the 11 phytopathogenic bacteria tested.
    [0180] Example 3: evaluation of bactericidal activity by contact test
    [0182] The efficacy of the product was evaluated against the following 5 phytopathogenic strains from the CIDSAV collection of quarantine pathogens, from European sources of infection or from Spanish type collections. The evaluated product comprised eucalyptus oil in sufficient quantity to have 20% w / v 1,8-cineole (measured by HPLC) and was stored at room temperature.
    [0184] Phytopathogenic bacteria Strain used Origin
    [0185] Erwinia amylovora EPS 101 Girona
    [0186] Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni CFBP 5563 France
    [0187] Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae IVIA 3700.1.1 Portugal Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC 3000 Malaga
    [0188] Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria IVIA 2133.2 Spain
    [0190] Inocula were obtained from the pure culture of the actively growing strains after sowing in LB agar medium and incubation at 28 ° C for 24 hours. Each bacterial suspension was prepared at a final concentration of 1x108 CFU / ml.
    [0192] The bactericidal activity of 5 doses of the product was evaluated. Different concentrations were tested for each phytopathogen depending on the results previously obtained in the evaluation of antimicrobial activity (example 2).
    [0194] Table 4. Concentrations used in the bactericidal activity test by contact test, selected from the antibacterial activity test (MIC).
    [0195]
    [0198] Furthermore, the effect of the product was compared with that of the antibiotic streptomycin at a concentration of 100 mg / L. An untreated control was also added, where the product was replaced by sterile distilled water.
    [0200] The determination of the bactericidal activity of the different concentrations against the different phytopathogenic bacteria was carried out by means of a contact test with a suspension of the bacteria in liquid medium. The contact test consisted of mixing 100 pL of each treatment with 100 pL of the bacterial suspension at a concentration of 108 CFU / ml, obtaining a final volume of 200 pL in each well of the plate (bacterial suspension at a final concentration of 5x108 CFU / ml). Both the different doses of the product and the streptomycin had been prepared twice concentrated (2x) to obtain the desired final concentration in each well.
    [0202] The multiwell plates were incubated at 28 ° C with constant shaking (150 rpm). After 30 minutes (min) and 2 hours (h) of exposure of the bacteria with the products, their survival was analyzed by means of a plate count of viable. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted 48 h after their incubation at 28 ° C, determining the survival (CFU / ml) of each phytopathogenic bacteria for each treatment, and were compared with those obtained in the untreated control. Three replicates were analyzed for each treatment.
    [0204] From the survival (CFU / ml) obtained in each treatment, the minimum bactericidal concentration (CMB) and the dose that is lethal for half a bacterial population (LD50) were determined. The CMB was determined as the lowest product concentration at which no bacterial growth is observed at the end of the experiment after incubation with the product. To calculate the LD50, the survival data as a function of the concentration were transformed using the probit function, fitted to a straight line and performed the interpolation to obtain the concentration in which the growth of only half of the initial bacterial population is observed.
    [0206] The bactericidal activity of the different concentrations of the product against E. amylovora, X. arborícola pv. pruni, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, P. syringae pv. actinidiae and P. syríngae pv. tomato was evaluated by means of a contact test, where a suspension of each bacterium was incubated with each concentration of the product and samples were taken after 30 and 120 min. From the preparation of serial dilutions of each suspension and subsequent sowing on LB agar plates incubated at 28 ° C for 48 h, the viable cultivable (surviving colonies) were counted.
    [0208] In general terms, the bactericidal activity observed depended on the concentration of the product, the exposure time and the pathogen used. The bactericidal activity of the product increased with increasing concentration and contact time with the pathogen.
    [0209] The bactericidal effect of the different doses of the product against the tested phytopathogens is detailed below:
    [0211] Erwinia amylovora
    [0213] Figure 1 shows the survival of E. amylovora against product concentrations and contact time. No Ea growth was observed after contact with the EGL2 EC product at the five doses evaluated, in neither of the two times tested (30 min and 2 h). Survival in the untreated control was 100%.
    [0215] A significant reduction in survival of E. amylovora was observed after 30 min and 2 h of contact with the reference antibiotic at a concentration of 100 mg / L.
    [0216] At 30 min of exposure, the lowest concentration of the product tested (10 μl / ml, 100% mortality), presented greater bactericidal activity than the reference antibiotic streptomycin.
    [0218] Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni
    [0220] Figure 2 shows the graph of the survival of X. arboricola pv. pruni based on the treatment applied and the contact time studied. At 30 min of contact with the product, no survival of X. arboricola pv was observed. pruni at the dose of 15 pl / ml. However, after 30 minutes of contact with the doses of 30 or 40 µl / ml, a mean bacterial survival of 7.8 and 20.01% is observed, although these results show high variability between replicates (Fig. 2). At 2 hours of contact with the product at concentrations of 40, 30 and 15 µl / ml, no growth of X. arboricola pv pruni was observed.
    [0221] At concentrations of 7.5 and 3.75 µl / ml, no significant differences were observed in the survival of X. arboricola pv. pruni as a function of contact time. In both cases a significant reduction in the survival of the bacteria was observed compared to the untreated control (survival of 13.06% for the dose of 3.75 jl / ml; 0.99% for the dose of 7.5 jl / ml. ml; 100% in the untreated control).
    [0223] At 30 minutes of exposure to streptomycin, a mean survival of 0.01% was quantified, observing a high variability between the three replicates. However, after 2 hours of exposure, no survival of X. arboricola pv was observed. pruni in none of the aftershocks.
    [0225] Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatory
    [0227] Figure 3 shows the survival of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria depending on the treatment and the contact time studied. At 30 min and 2 hours after contact with the product, no bacterial growth was observed at concentrations of 15, 30 or 40 jl / ml, presenting greater bactericidal activity than the antibiotic streptomycin. In the concentrations of 7.5 and 3.75 jl / ml, no significant differences were observed between the two times tested and only a reduction in the survival of the bacteria was observed with respect to the untreated control in the concentration of 7.5 jl / ml. Specifically, at 7.5 jl / ml, survival values similar to those obtained with the antibiotic streptomycin were observed (survival at 2 h of 8.2% of product 7.5 jl / ml; survival of 3.06% for 100 mg / L streptomycin).
    [0229] Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
    [0231] Figure 4 shows the survival of P. syringae pv. actinidiae depending on the treatment and the contact time studied.
    [0233] At the concentrations of 40, 30, 15 and 7.5 µl / ml of the product and streptomycin, no growth of the bacteria was observed at any of the two times tested. Although survival of P. syringae pv. Was observed at the concentration of 3.75 jl / ml. actinidiae at 30 min and at 2 hours (0.1% survival), a significant reduction in growth was observed compared to the untreated control (100% survival).
    [0235] Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
    [0237] In figure 5 the survival of P. syringae pv. tomato based on the treatment and the contact time studied.
    [0238] At the concentrations of 60, 40, 30, 15 | jl / ml of the product and streptomycin, no growth of the bacteria was observed in either of the two times tested. At 30 min, only a survival of 0.0002% of the phytopathogen was observed in the lowest concentration of the product tested (7.5 jl / ml), and only in one of the three replicates, with respect to the untreated control. At 2 hours, no growth was observed in any of the concentrations tested or in the antibiotic streptomycin, compared to the untreated control.
    [0240] The product presented different bactericidal activity against the five phytopathogenic bacteria tested: E. amylovora presented CMB values below 10 jl / ml, the lowest concentration tested for this pathogen, both at 30 min and at 2 h. The CMB of P. syríngae pv. actinidiae would be between the doses 3.75-7.5 jl / ml in the two times studied. The lowest doses tested showed a rapid bactericidal activity of the product (after 30 minutes a mortality close to 100% was observed). For P. syríngae pv. tomato, the CMB would be between 7.5 and 15 jl / ml after 30 minutes of contact with the product, decreasing to values lower than 7.5 jl / ml after 2 h of contact. X. arboreal pv. pruni and X. axonopodís pv. vesicatoria presented a WBC greater than 40 jl / ml at 30 min, while at 2 h the WBC was between 3.75 and 7.5 jl / ml.
    [0242] These results indicate that in the case of P. syríngae pv. tomato, X. arboreal pv. pruni and X. axonopodís pv. vesicatoria, a longer contact time of the bacterial suspension with the product was necessary at the lowest concentrations tested to observe a mortality close to 100%.
    [0244] The CMB values obtained are below the concentration of 15 jl / ml after 2 hours of contact with the product in the different phytopathogenic bacteria used.
    [0246] Table 5. LD50 and CMB of the product against the different phytopathogens tested, expressed in jl / ml of product.
    [0248]
    [0250] nd: the LD50 could not be determined due to the fact that no bacterial growth was obtained in any of the dilutions tested.
    [0251] The median effective dose (LD50) of the product against X. arboricola pv. pruni was similar in the two times studied, 2.73 µl / ml at 30 min and 2.78 µl / ml at 2 h. While in P. syringae pv. actinidiae and X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria varied slightly between the 2 times studied. The LD50 for P. syringae pv. actinidiae was 0.55 µl / ml at 30 min and 0.93 µl / ml at 2 h. Y for X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria were 4.5 µl / ml and 5.48 µl / ml. This variation can be attributed to the slight increase in CFU / ml in the CNT after 2 hours of incubation, and consequently in the rest of the treatments.
    [0253] For E. amylovora and for P. syringae pv. tomato at 30 minutes and at 2 hours it was not possible to calculate the LD50 since no growth was observed in any of the concentrations of the product tested. For this, it would be necessary to evaluate the bactericidal effect of doses lower than those tested in this study.
    [0255] By analyzing the CMB and LD50 values, it can be confirmed that the product has a clear and rapid bactericidal activity against E. amylovora, P. syringae pv. actinidiae, P. syringae pv. tomato, X. arboricola pv. pruni and X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria.
    [0257] P. syringae pv. actinidiae and P. syringae pv. tomato were found to be more sensitive to the product than X. arboricola pv. pruni and X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. It cannot be ruled out that E. amylovora is more sensitive than P. syringae pv. actinidiae or P. syringae pv. tomato because the lowest dose tested was 10 pl / ml.
    [0259] In order to accurately determine the MIC and LD50 of the product against phytopathogenic bacteria, it would be necessary to test more concentrations of the product within the observed MIC range.
    [0261] Example 4: evaluation of the bactericidal activity against three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa.
    [0263] The product of the present invention was tested against three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa. The evaluated product comprised eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient to comprise 20% w / v of 1,8-cineole (measured by HPLC) and was stored at room temperature until the moment of use, when a sample amount was taken that It was used to carry out the microbiological analyzes, and to be able to confirm the absence of contaminating microorganisms.
    [0265] The efficacy of the product was evaluated against three subspecies of X. fastidiosa : sbsp. pauca strain CoDiRO (DD1), which affects olive trees in Italy, subsp. fastidiosa and subsp. multiplex both from Spanish infection foci (Balearic Islands and Alicante, respectively) and isolated from almond trees, deposited in the CIDSAV collection of quarantine pathogens.
    [0266] Inocula were obtained from the pure culture of the actively growing strains after sowing in BCYE agar medium and incubation at 28 ° C for 7-10 days. Each bacterial suspension was prepared at a final concentration of 1x108 CFU / ml.
    [0268] All manipulations were carried out in the biosafety laboratory that is authorized for research with X. fastidiosa under in vitro conditions , by the DARP of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
    [0270] The strains used in the bactericidal activity test were the following:
    [0272] Phytopathogenic bacteria Strain used Origin
    [0273] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosaIVIA 5387.2 Baleares
    [0274] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. Multiplex IVIA 5901.2 Valencia
    [0275] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. Pauca DD1 CoDiRO Italy
    [0277] The bactericidal activity of 5 doses of the product was evaluated against 3 subspecies of X. fastidiosa. Taking into account the results of Example 2, the concentrations of 0.75, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 µl / ml of the product were tested. Furthermore, the effect of the product was compared with that of the antibiotics streptomycin and ampicillin at a concentration of 100 mg / L. An untreated control was also included, where the product was replaced by sterile distilled water.
    [0278] The determination of the bactericidal activity of the different product concentrations against phytopathogenic bacteria was carried out by means of a contact test with a suspension of the bacteria in liquid medium.
    [0280] The contact test consisted of mixing 100 pL of each product / concentration with 100 pL of the bacterial suspension at a concentration of 108 CFU / ml, obtaining a final volume of 200 pL in each well of the plate (bacterial suspension at a final concentration approximately 5x107 CFU / ml). Both the different doses of the product and the antibiotics had been prepared twice concentrated (2x) to obtain the desired final concentration in each well.
    [0282] The multiwell plates were incubated at 28 ° C with constant shaking (150 rpm). At 30 minutes (min) and at 2 hours (h) of exposure of the bacteria with the products, samples were taken and their survival was analyzed by means of a viable plate count. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted 7-10 days after their incubation at 28 ° C, determining survival (CFU / ml), and were compared with those obtained in the untreated control. Three replicates were analyzed for each treatment.
    [0284] From the survival (CFU / ml) obtained in each treatment, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the median lethal dose (LD50) were determined. The CMB is determined as the lowest product concentration at which no bacterial growth is observed at the end of the experiment after incubation with the product. To calculate the LD50, the survival data as a function of the concentration were transformed using the probit function, fitted to a line, and interpolation was performed to obtain the concentration in which only the growth of half of the initial bacterial population.
    [0286] No growth of any of the three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa was observed after contact with the product at the five doses evaluated, in neither of the two times tested (30 min and 2 h). Survival in the untreated control was approximately 100%. The survival of X. fastidiosa after contact with the reference antibiotics depended on the subspecies studied, as well as the antibiotic tested.
    [0288] The bactericidal effect of the different doses of the product against the tested phytopathogens is detailed below:
    [0290] X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca strain CoDiRO
    [0292] The viable count was performed after 8 days of incubation at 28 ° C in PD2 agar culture medium. In figure 6 the results are shown against the concentrations of the product and as a function of the contact time.
    [0294] No growth of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca after contact with the product at the five doses evaluated, in neither of the two times tested (30 min and 2 h). Survival in the untreated control was 100%.
    [0296] Survival of 89.8% and 61.7% was observed after 30 and 120 minutes, respectively, of contact with the antibiotic streptomycin at a concentration of 100 mg / L. The bactericidal effect of ampicillin was not evaluated.
    [0298] At 30 min of exposure, the lowest concentration of the product tested (0.75 μl / ml, 100% mortality), presented greater bactericidal activity than the reference antibiotic streptomycin.
    [0300] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex
    [0302] The viable count was performed after 8 days of incubation at 28 ° C in BCYE agar culture medium. Figure 7 shows the graph of the survival of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex based on the treatment applied and the contact time studied.
    [0303] No growth of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex after contact with the product at the five doses evaluated, in neither of the two times tested (30 min and 2 h). Survival in the untreated control was 100%.
    [0305] At 30 and 120 minutes of ampicillin exposure, a median survival of 2 and 4.4%, respectively, was quantified. After contact with the antibiotic streptomycin, no significant differences were observed in the survival of Xylella fastidiosa compared to the untreated control.
    [0307] At 30 min of exposure, the lowest concentration of the product tested (0.75 μl / ml, 100% mortality), presented greater bactericidal activity than the reference antibiotic, ampicillin.
    [0309] Xylella fastidiosa subsp. annoying
    [0311] The viable count was performed after 8 days of incubation at 28 ° C in PD2 agar culture medium. Figure 8 shows the survival of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. annoying depending on the treatment and the contact time studied. At 30 min and 2 hours after contact with the product, no bacterial growth was observed at any of the doses of the product tested. Survival in the untreated control was 100%. At 30 and 120 minutes of exposure to streptomycin, a median survival of 4.4 and 20%, respectively, was quantified. At 30 and 120 minutes of exposure to the antibiotic ampicillin, survival of X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in the direct suspension or at the -1 dilution (1/10 dilution of the original suspension). However, by making serial dilutions -2 (1/100) and -3 (1/1000), survival was similar to that observed in the untreated control, at the same dilution. This bacterial growth is related to the fact that when the bacterial suspension is diluted in contact with ampicillin and subsequent sowing on agar medium plates in the absence of the antibiotic, the antibiotic is also diluted 1/100 and 1/1000 so that it stops presenting effect. In this case, ampicillin would have a bacteriostatic effect on the fastidiosa subspecies . Unlike the test in example 1, where the antibacterial activity was evaluated by the Agar Incorporation Test (the antibiotic is in continuous contact with the bacterial suspension), in a contact test only the antibiotic remains in direct contact with the bacterial suspension for the selected exposure time.
    [0313] At 30 min of exposure, the lowest concentration of the product tested (0.75 μl / ml, 100% mortality), presented greater bactericidal activity than the reference antibiotics ampicillin and streptomycin.
    [0314] The product presented a rapid bactericidal activity against the three subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa tested (at 30 minutes a mortality close to 100% was observed, Table 5). The CMB values obtained are below the concentration of 0.75 µl / ml at 30 and 120 minutes of contact with the product.
    [0316] Table 6. LD50 and CMB of the product against the different phytopathogens tested, expressed in pl / ml of product.
    [0318]
    [0320] nd: the LD50 could not be determined accurately because in none of the dilutions tested bacterial growth was obtained.
    [0322] By analyzing the CMB values, it can be confirmed that the product has an intense and rapid bactericidal activity against Xylella fastidiosa. In order to accurately determine the MIC and quantify the LD50 of the product against the three subspecies of X. fastidiosa , it would be necessary to test more concentrations of the product lower than 0.75 µl / ml.
    [0324] Example 5: evaluation of the effectiveness in the control of Erwinia amylovora in pear.
    [0326] The compositions of the present invention were tested in the control of Erwinia amylovora in pear trees. The evaluated product comprised eucalyptus oil in sufficient quantity so that the composition had 20% w / v of 1,8-cineole and was stored at room temperature.
    [0327] The strain EPS101 of E. amylovora was used, isolated from an infected shoot of the Conference pear tree in Lleida, and preserved deep-frozen. The inoculum was obtained from the pure culture of the actively growing strain after seeding in LB agar medium and incubation at 28 ° C for 24 hours. The bacterial suspension was prepared at a final concentration of 5x107 CFU / ml.
    [0328] Pear trees of the Conference variety from 3-year-old self-rooted plants were used for this test. The plants were fertilized once a week with a 200 ppm solution of NPK (20:10:20) and used when the shoots contained 5 to 6 young leaves per shoot. During the process, standard treatments were carried out with insecticides and miticides. No fungicides or bactericides were applied to avoid interference in the test.
    [0330] The efficacy of 2 doses of the compositions of the invention in the control of Erwinia amylovora in pear trees was evaluated. The doses tested were 40 and 20 µl / ml. Furthermore, the effect of the product was compared with that of the antibiotic streptomycin at a concentration of 100 mg / L. An untreated control was also included, where the product was replaced by sterile distilled water.
    [0331] The experimental design consisted of 3 replications of 3 plants per treatment, with a minimum of two young shoots per plant (most had more than 3 young shoots). The test was carried out twice independently.
    [0333] The tests were carried out in a biological safety greenhouse under the appropriate containment measures according to the protocols established by the European and Mediterranean Organization for the Protection of Plants (EPPO) for quarantine phytopathogens. The greenhouse conditions of temperature, relative humidity and light cycles were completely controlled.
    [0335] Before treating the plants and in order to facilitate the entry of the pathogen, 2 parallel cuts of 2 mm in length were made, 1 mm apart and perpendicular to the central nerve, in the 3 youngest leaves of each shoot, since these they are the most susceptible to infection.
    [0337] The treatments were carried out by foliar spraying applying a minimum of 10 ml per plant, ensuring the impregnation of the entire leaf surface.
    [0339] After the treatments, the EPS101 strain of E. amylovora was inoculated by applying 10 µl of a bacterial suspension at 5x10 7 CFU / ml on each of the previously made wounds. Once inoculated, they were bagged to maintain a high relative humidity, necessary for the development of the disease, and incubated for 8 days at 25 ± 2 ° C and 16 hours of light and 20 ± 2 ° C and 8 hours of darkness. Disease levels were determined 8 days after inoculation of the pathogen by assigning an infection intensity index with values from 0 to 4, depending on the progression of symptoms: 0, no necrosis; 1, localized necrosis around the wound; 2, total necrosis of the central nerve; 3, progression of necrosis through the petiole; and 4, progression from necrosis to outbreak.
    [0341] The severity of the infections in each of the treatments was calculated according to the following formula:
    [0344] where S is the severity of the repeat infection, I is the severity index by infection, n is the number of inoculated leaves.
    [0346] Once the severity was obtained in each replication for each treatment, the existence of significant differences was determined by ANOVA and the separation of means was performed with the Waller-Duncan test using the SPSS statistical package (IBM SPSS Statistics v25).
    [0348] Figure 9 shows the results corresponding to the severity of the infections observed in the two efficacy tests of the product in the control of E. amylovora in pear plants.
    [0350] In the first trial, it was observed that the two doses of the product and streptomycin significantly reduced the severity of infections compared to the untreated control. No significant differences were observed between the two doses studied. Streptomycin at a dose of 100 mg / L was the most effective treatment.
    [0352] In the second trial, the severity levels of infections caused by E. amylovora were higher than those observed in the first trial. The two doses of the product and streptomycin also significantly reduced the severity of infections compared to the untreated control. In contrast to the first trial, no significant differences were observed between the 20 and 40 µl / ml doses of the product and streptomycin.
    [0354] The product presented an efficacy of 30 to 62% in the control of E. amylovora in pear plants, depending on the dose and the test. Specifically, the dose of 20 pl / ml showed an efficacy of 37% in the first trial and 36% in the second. And the dose of 40 pl / ml presented 62% and 30%, respectively.
    [0356] Example 6: in planta evaluation of the efficacy of the product in the control of Xylella fastidiosa.
    [0358] The efficacy of the product was evaluated against Xylella fastidosafastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa from sources of infection in Spain (Balearic Islands) and isolated from almond trees, deposited in the CIDSAV collection of quarantine pathogens. The product evaluated comprised eucalyptus oil in sufficient quantity to have 20% w / v of 1,8-cineole (quantified by HPLC) and was stored at room temperature.
    [0359] Inoculum was obtained from the pure culture of the actively growing strain after sowing in BCYE agar medium and incubation at 28 ° C for 7-10 days. The bacterial suspension was prepared at a final concentration of 1x108 CFU / ml. The product was kept at room temperature until the moment of use.
    [0361] The pathogen was inoculated by microinjection applied to the trunk. 27 days after inoculation, the plants were treated with the product by microinjection applied to the trunk, in a curative strategy (after inoculation of the pathogen), and a single application. Two doses of the product were tested, and the antibiotic ampicillin was used as the reference product. In addition, an untreated control (water instead of product) was included.
    [0363] Total population levels were quantified by conventional qPCR and viable cells by viable-qPCR (PMAxx-qPCR)
    [0365] Almond plants of the Avijor variety were used, and they were kept in pots in the greenhouse, using standard growing conditions. 40 plants (10 per treatment) were inoculated with a bacterial suspension of strain 5387.2 (three inoculation points in a 4-5 cm stretch). During the following days, the presence of Xylella fastidiosa was tested in the conducting vessels, and if it was alive and if it was ascending through the vascular tissue (by qPCR of viable). The inoculation zone and the apical zone (away from the inoculation point) were analyzed by qPCR at 7, 15 and 27 dpi (viable qPCR). At 27 days, the presence of live Xylella fastidiosa was confirmed in the vascular tissue. The same day the different treatments are applied (doses of 20 pl / ml and 40 pl / ml, Ampicillin 100 mg / L, Water). During the application of the product (three inoculation points in a section of 4-5 cm. 10 pl per point) it is observed that it is absorbed with difficulty, probably due to its composition. Therefore, after its application, the plants are kept in a horizontal position for 18 h, in order to increase the absorption of the product by the plant.
    [0367] 31 days after the application of the different treatments (dpt), symptoms were observed in the leaves that could be attributed to the typical symptoms associated with diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa in almond trees. The intensity of the symptoms increased over time, with a greater severity of the disease being observed in the control plants. Disease levels were determined 31 days after application of the product (in a curative strategy) by assigning an infection intensity index with values from 0 to 5, depending on the progression of symptoms: 0, without necrosis; 1, one or two leaves showing marginal necrosis; 2, two or three leaves showing marginal necrosis; 3, half or more of the leaves show necrosis; 4, all leaves show necrosis and 5, all leaves and stem show necrosis.
    [0368] Figure 10 shows the results corresponding to the severity of the infections observed in the efficacy test of the product in the control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in almond plants. It was observed that the two doses tested of the product and ampicillin significantly reduced the severity of infections compared to the untreated control. No significant differences were observed between the two doses studied or the treatment with ampicillin (100 mg / L).
    [0370] 18 hours after the application of the different treatments, sap is extracted from the area near the inoculation point and from the apical area of the plant (8 cm from each area). In some control plants, no sap was obtained, most likely due to necrosis produced by sap obstruction as a result of the formation of the Xylella fastidiosa biofilm . When there is tissue necrosis, bacteria are usually not detected by PCR or qPCR. In addition, most of the cells that are part of the biofilm are dead (which leads to the degradation of DNA). This added to the fact that the cells in biofilm are difficult to extract, does not allow to obtain real results of the quantification / detection of Xylella fastidiosa by means of qPCR / viable-qPCR (generally the result ND is obtained, not detected).
    [0372] After the application of the product at 40 pl / ml, a decrease in viable bacteria was observed in the vascular tissue of the apical zone, in 75% of the analyzed plants (the number of total cells, that is, viable and dead, was greater than the number of viable cells detected by viable-qPCR). That is, it can be associated with a bactericidal activity of the product 18 h after its application. With the rest of the treatments, a decrease in the viability of Xylella fastidiosa was observed in only 1 of the 4 plants analyzed (25%).
    [0374] The analysis of the sap 18 hours dpt with a sampling of 4 plants per treatment revealed that the treatment with the dose of 20 pl / ml caused the reduction of viable in the apical zone of 25% of the plants (analyzed by viable-qPCR) , while the treatment with the dose of 40 pl / ml caused the decrease of viable in the apical zone of 75% of the plants. Treatment with ampicillin (100 mg / L) caused a decrease in viability at the inoculation point of 25% of the plants and the untreated controls showed a decrease in viability in the apical zone of 25% of the plants.
    [0376] 14 days after the application of the product, apical leaves but close to the inoculation point and leaves of the apical area are analyzed (in this case we do not analyze xylem, because it is a destructive method, and we would reduce the number of plants that would remain for analyze at the end of the experiment). Using qPCR we observed less progression of Xylella fastidiosa through the vascular system (movement from the point of inoculation to the apical zone of the plant) of plants curatively treated with 40 µl / ml of product, compared with the untreated control. This effect is not observed after treatment with 20 µl / ml of product or with the reference antibiotic ampicillin (100 mg / L).
    [0378] In order to study the progression of Xylella fastidiosa through the conducting vessels, 31 days after the application of the different treatments, a sap was extracted from three different zones of the plant (8 cm from each zone). Samples are analyzed by standard qPCR (total cells).
    [0380] Apical zone 1 (A1): Zone above the point of application of the product.
    [0382] Apical zone 2 (A2): Zone closest to the apical stem meristem.
    [0384] Basal zone (B): Zone that is located between the inoculation point and the beginning of the root system.
    [0386] In the same way that occurred with the 1 dpt analysis, it is observed how the volume of sap extracted from the control plants after 31 days of treatment (and some of the plants treated with ampicillin) is much lower than the rest of the treatments. In addition, it can be related to the greater necrosis observed in the stems of the control plants, related to the greater severity of the disease observed (at 31 dpt), with respect to the rest of the treatments.
    [0387] With the dose of 20 µl / ml, no downward movement of Xylella fastidiosa was observed from the apical areas to the basal area in any of the analyzed plants. Xylella fastidiosa is also not detected in A1 in 25% of the plants. Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in A2 in 25% of the plants. Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in B in 100% of the plants.
    [0388] With the dose of 40 pl / ml, no upward movement of Xylella fastidiosa was observed from apical zone 1 to apical zone 2 in any of the plants analyzed. Progression of Xylella fastidiosa towards the basal area is only observed in 25% of the plants. Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in A1 in 25% of the plants. Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in A2 in 100% of the plants Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in B in 75% of the plants.
    [0390] With ampicillin treatment, ascending (apical areas) and descending (basal area) movement of Xylella fastidiosa is observed in 75% of the plants analyzed. Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in A1 in 25% of the plants. Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in A2 in 25% of plants Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in B in 25% of plants.
    [0391] In untreated controls, necrosis and / or biofilm were observed in the stem, especially in the stem corresponding to the apical areas.
    [0392] After treatment with the 40 pl / ml dose, Xylella fastidiosa was detected in the apical zone 1 in 75% of the plants. However, in 100% of the analyzed plants, Xylella fastidiosa was not observed in the apical zone. 2. Furthermore, Xylella fastidiosa is not detected in the basal area of 75% of the plants analyzed. This fact implies that there is no movement of Xylella fastidiosa from Apical zone 1 to the rest of the plant zones (Apical 2 and basal). After treatment with the 20 µl / ml dose, no movement of Xylella fastidiosa was observed from the apical areas to the basal area of the plants. On the contrary, after treatment with the reference antibiotic ampicillin at a dose of 100 mg / L, upward and downward movement of Xylella fastidiosa is observed along the vascular system in 75% of the plants analyzed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (36)
    [1]
    1. A liquid composition comprising eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise between 5 and 80% w / v of 1,8-cineole for use as a bactericide in plant protection, where said composition is applied to the plants after being diluted in water to between 0.01 and 12% by weight.
    [2]
    The composition for use according to the preceding claim, wherein said protection is against infections of Xylella fastidiosa, Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas fragaríae, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas arboreal, Erwinia amylovora or any combination thereof.
    [3]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said protection is against Xylella fastidiosa or Pseudomonas syringae infections .
    [4]
    4. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the protection is applied to fruit and horticultural trees, preferably to vine, olive, almond, hazel, walnut, kiwi, tomato, strawberry, potato, peach tree, apricot, plum, orange, lemon, mandarin, apple, pear, quince, coffee.
    [5]
    5. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the protection is applied to the pear tree, the almond tree or the olive tree.
    [6]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient so that the composition comprises between 15 and 25% w / v 1,8-cineole.
    [7]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise 20% w / v 1,8-cineole.
    [8]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition further comprises at least one diluent, at least one surfactant and at least one antioxidant.
    [9]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of diluent or diluents.
    [10]
    10. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 1.00 and 8.00% w / v of surfactant or surfactants.
    [11]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises 0.10 and 1.00% w / v of antioxidant or antioxidants.
    [12]
    12. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one diluent is water.
    [13]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of water.
    [14]
    The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition further comprises at least one viscosity agent in an amount sufficient so that the viscosity of the composition is between 500 and 5000 cP, calculated according to the CIPAC MT method 192 with a 2 needle rotational viscometer, 20 rpm and at 25 ° C.
    [15]
    15. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 0.10 and 5.00% w / v of viscosizer or viscosifiers.
    [16]
    16. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition has a volumetric particle size distribution with d10 between 0.1 and 5 microns and d90 between 0.8 and 50 microns, measured by laser diffraction of according to the CIPAC MT 187 method.
    [17]
    17. A liquid composition comprising eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient so that the composition comprises between 10 and 30% w / v of 1,8-cineole, at least one diluent, at least one surfactant and at least one antioxidant.
    [18]
    18. The composition according to the preceding claim, wherein said composition comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise between 16 and 25% w / v of 1,8-cineole.
    [19]
    19. The composition according to either of the two preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises eucalyptus oil in an amount sufficient for the composition to comprise between 18.00 and 22.00% w / v of 1,8-cineole.
    [20]
    20. The composition according to any of the three preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of diluent or diluents.
    [21]
    21. The composition according to any of the four preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 1.00 and 8.00% w / v of surfactant or surfactants.
    [22]
    22. The composition according to any of the five preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 0.10 and 1.00% w / v of antioxidant or antioxidants.
    [23]
    23. The composition according to any of the six preceding claims, wherein at least one diluent is water.
    [24]
    24. The composition according to any of the seven preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 40 and 70% w / v of water.
    [25]
    25. The composition according to any of the eight previous claims, wherein said composition further comprises at least one viscosifier in an amount sufficient so that the viscosity of the composition is between 500 and 5000 cP, calculated according to the CIPAC method MT 192 with a rotational viscometer with a 2 needle, 20 rpm and at 25 ° C.
    [26]
    26. The composition according to any of the nine preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 0.10 and 5.00% w / v of viscosity or viscosity.
    [27]
    27. The composition according to any of the ten preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises a sufficient amount of viscosity agent (s) so that the viscosity of the composition is between 500 and 1500 cP, calculated according to the CIPAC MT 192 method with a rotational viscometer with a needle 2, 20 rpm and at 25 ° C.
    [28]
    28. The composition according to any of the eleven preceding claims, wherein said composition has a volumetric particle size distribution with d10 between 0.1 and 5 microns and a d90 between 0.5 and 50 microns, preferably a d10 between 0 , 1 and 2 microns and a d90 between 0.5 and 8 microns, measured by laser diffraction according to the CIPAC MT 187 method.
    [29]
    29. The composition according to any of the twelve preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises, in addition to water, another codiluent selected from at least one vegetable or animal oil or mixtures of fatty acids and their esters, at least one mineral oil of the paraffinic type , at least one C 16 -C 18 methyl ester, at least one C 1 -C 5 alcohol, cyclohexanone, acetophenone, xylene, aromatic naphtha or mixtures thereof.
    [30]
    30. The composition according to any of thirteen previous claims, wherein said composition comprises as diluents water and at least one vegetable oil.
    [31]
    31. The composition according to any of the preceding fourteen claims, wherein said composition comprises as diluents water and sesame oil.
    [32]
    32. The composition according to any of the preceding fifteen claims, wherein said composition comprises as a surfactant at least one selected from among ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated sorbitan esters (polysorbates), derivatives of polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, a High molecular weight, low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) polymeric surfactant and a high HLB polymeric surfactant made up of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers.
    [33]
    33. The composition according to any of the sixteen previous claims, wherein said composition comprises as a surfactant at least one selected from derivatives of polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, a polymeric surfactant of high molecular weight and low HLB and a polymeric surfactant high HLB formed by ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers.
    [34]
    34. The composition according to any of claims 16 to 31, for use as a phytosanitary.
    [35]
    35. The composition according to any of claims 16 to 31, for use as a bactericide in the protection of plants, preferably for the protection of fruit and horticultural trees, more preferably for the protection of vine, olive, almond, hazelnut, walnut, kiwi, tomato, strawberry, potato, peach, apricot, plum, orange, lemon, mandarin, apple, pear, quince, coffee or any combination thereof.
    [36]
    36. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 31, for use as a bactericide according to the preceding claim, against infections of Xylella fastidiosa, Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas fragariae, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas arborícola, Erwinia amylovora or any combination of the themselves, preferably against infection by Xylella fastidiosa or Pseudomonas syringae.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2793073B2|2021-11-18|
    WO2021084147A1|2021-05-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2002021926A2|2000-09-12|2002-03-21|Barrier Biotech Limited|An antimicrobial composition|
    WO2009135289A1|2008-05-08|2009-11-12|Bob Mullen|Biological pest control mixture containing d-limonene and nutmeg oil|
    CN103828847A|2014-03-13|2014-06-04|四川龙蟒福生科技有限责任公司|Bactericide composition and application thereof|
    JPH06116111A|1991-06-28|1994-04-26|Nippon Getsutou Kk|Agricultural bactericide|
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    ES201930950A|ES2793073B2|2019-10-29|2019-10-29|PHYTOSANITARY COMPOSITION FOR USE AS A BACTERICIDE|ES201930950A| ES2793073B2|2019-10-29|2019-10-29|PHYTOSANITARY COMPOSITION FOR USE AS A BACTERICIDE|
    PCT/ES2020/070649| WO2021084147A1|2019-10-29|2020-10-26|Phytosanitary composition for use as a bactericide|
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